Skip to content- Public Spending: Approximately 2.74% of GDP in 2022.
- Structure: Education is compulsory from ages 6 to 16. Preschool (ages 0–6) is optional. Primary education (6–10) and lower secondary (10–14) are mandatory. Upper secondary education (16–18) includes general, vocational, and oriented schools. Completion requires passing the State Matura exams.
- Higher Education Institutions: 17 public and 53 private institutions.
- Relevant Link: Ministry of Education and Sports – Albania(TheGlobalEconomy.com)
- Public Spending: Approximately 4.14% of GDP in 2021.
- Structure: Preschool and nine-year primary education are compulsory. Secondary education offers general schools (gymnasiums) and vocational schools (3–4 years). Higher education follows the Bologna system.
- Higher Education Institutions: 8 public universities and over 30 private universities and colleges.
- Relevant Link: Education Levels – Bosnia and Herzegovina(TheGlobalEconomy.com)
- Public Spending: Approximately 4.2% of GDP as of 2017.
- Structure: Primary education is compulsory and free for children aged 5–15 and lasts 9 years. Preschool education is optional. Secondary education is optional, lasting 2–4 years and offered through general and vocational schools. Higher education includes universities and independent faculties.
- Higher Education Institutions: 1 public university (University of Montenegro) and 3 private universities.
- Relevant Links:
- Public Spending: Approximately 2.72% of GDP in 2023.
- Structure: Education is compulsory from ages 6 to 14. Upper secondary education is optional and includes gymnasiums and vocational schools. Completion requires passing the State Matura exam. Higher education follows the Bologna Process.
- Higher Education Institutions: 7 public universities and 14 private universities.
- Relevant Links:
- Public Spending: Approximately 3.24% of GDP in 2022.
- Structure: Primary education is compulsory and lasts for 8 years. Secondary education includes general and vocational schools, typically lasting 4 years. Higher education follows the Bologna Process.
- Higher Education Institutions: 8 public universities and 9 private universities.
- Relevant Link: Ministry of Education – Serbia(TheGlobalEconomy.com)
- Public Spending: Approximately 5.36% of GDP in 2021.
- Structure: Nine-year primary education is compulsory. A significant portion of upper secondary students are enrolled in vocational programs. Tertiary education follows the Bologna Process.
- Higher Education Institutions: 3 public universities and 4 private universities.
- Relevant Links:
- Public Spending: Approximately 4.06% of GDP in 2021.
- Structure: Preschool is optional. Primary education is compulsory for 8 years. Secondary education typically lasts 4 years and includes general, vocational, and artistic options. Higher education is provided by colleges and universities.
- Higher Education Institutions: 10 public universities and 4 private universities.
- Relevant Links:
- Public Spending: Approximately 4.7% of GDP in 2020.
- Structure: Primary and secondary education are widely accessible. Kosovo has several universities, including University of Pristina, Gjilan, Peja, Gjakova, Prizren, Mitrovica, and Ferizaj. Entry requirements vary by institution and are typically available online.
- Higher Education Institutions: 9 public universities and 14 private universities.
- Relevant Link: Refer to official websites of individual universities.
